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XLH Bibliography

Compiled by: Scott Schmitz

This bibliography is organized by general category of research and within that category by date of publication. XLH is a topic of intense research and numerous abstracts have been published..

General
Growth Hormone
Hearing Loss
Molecular Biology
Side Effects of Treatment
XLH Dental Issues
Surgery
Ilizarov
Spinal Cord Complications
Alternative Treatments
Eye Problems
Chiari

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General

Winger L.
Living with genetic rickets.
Arch Dis Child. 2004 Apr;89(4):390-1. Article
PMID: 15033857

Shulman DI, Hahn G, Benator R, Washington K, White KE, Farber J, Econs MJ.
Tumor-induced rickets: usefulness of MR gradient echo recall imaging for tumor localization.
J Pediatr. 2004 Mar;144(3):381-5.
PMID: 15001949

Brame LA, White KE, Econs MJ.
Renal phosphate wasting disorders: clinical features and pathogenesis.
Semin Nephrol. 2004 Jan;24(1):39-47.
PMID: 14730508

Qiu ZQ, Travers R, Rauch F, Glorieux FH, Scriver CR, Tenenhouse HS.
Effect of gene dose and parental origin on bone histomorphometry in X-linked Hyp mice.
Bone. 2004 Jan;34(1):134-9.
PMID: 14751570

Lin R, Amizuka N, Sasaki T, Aarts MM, Ozawa H, Goltzman D, Henderson JE, White JH.
1Alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes vascularization of the chondro-osseous junction by stimulating expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9.
J Bone Miner Res. 2002 Sep;17(9):1604-12. PMID: 12211430

Linda A. DiMeglio, Kenneth E. White, and Michael J. Econs.Disorders of phosphate metabolism. In Hormones and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism. 2000. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. 29:591-609.

Michael J. Econs. Rickets secondary to phosphate wasting. 1999. Education Article: Diagnostic Endocrinology, Immunology, and Metabolism 17:175-183. © American Association for Clinical Chemistry.

Nehgme R, Fahey JT, Smith C, Carpenter; Cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Aug;82(8):2450-4. PMID: 9253316

Eddy MC, McAlister WH, Whyte MP.
X-linked hypophosphatemia: normal renal function despite medullary nephrocalcinosis 25 years after transient vitamin D2-induced renal azotemia.
Bone. 1997 Dec;21(6):515-20.
PMID: 9430241

Econs MJ, McEnery PT.
Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia: clinical characterization of a novel renal phosphate-wasting disorder.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Feb;82(2):674-81.
PMID: 9024275

Berndt M, Ehrich JH, Lazovic D, Zimmermann J, Hillmann G, Kayser C, Prokop M, Schirg E, Siegert B, Wolff G, Brodehl J.
Clinical course of hypophosphatemic rickets in 23 adults.
Clin Nephrol. 1996 Jan;45(1):33-41.
PMID: 8616955

Whyte MP, Schranck FW, Armamento-Villareal R.
X-linked hypophosphatemia: a search for gender, race, anticipation, or parent of origin effects on disease expression in children.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Nov;81(11):4075-80.
PMID: 8923863

Econs MJ, Samsa GP, Monger M, Drezner MK, Feussner JR.
X-Linked hypophosphatemic rickets: a disease often unknown to affected patients.
Bone Miner. 1994 Jan;24(1):17-24.
PMID: 8186731

Mouin G. Seikaly, Richard H. Browne and Michael Baum.The effect of phosphate supplementation on linear growth in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia. 1994. Pediatrics 94:478-481.

Z. Q. Qiu, H. S. Tenenhouse and C. R. Scriver. Parental origin of mutant allele does not explain absence of gene dose in X-linked Hyp mice. 1993. Genet. Res. Camb. 62:39-43.

Petersen DJ, Boniface AM, Schranck FW, Rupich RC, Whyte MP.
X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: a study (with literature review) of linear growth response to calcitriol and phosphate therapy.
J Bone Miner Res. 1992 Jun;7(6):583-97.
PMID: 1414477

Charles R. Scriver, Harriet S. Tenenhouse and Francis H. Glorieux. X-Linked hypophosphatemia: an appreciation of a classic paper and a survey of progress since 1958. Commentary/Classics in Medicine. 1991. Medicine 70:218-228.

Reid IR, Murphy WA, Hardy DC, Teitelbaum SL, Bergfeld MA, Whyte MP.
X-linked hypophosphatemia: skeletal mass in adults assessed by histomorphometry, computed tomography, and absorptiometry.
Am J Med. 1991 Jan;90(1):63-9.
PMID: 1986592

Reid IR, Hardy DC, Murphy WA, Teitelbaum SL, Bergfeld MA, Whyte MP.
X-linked hypophosphatemia: a clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic assessment of morbidity in adults.
Medicine (Baltimore). 1989 Nov;68(6):336-52.
PMID: 2811660

Hardy DC, Murphy WA, Siegel BA, Reid IR, Whyte MP.
X-linked hypophosphatemia in adults: prevalence of skeletal radiographic and scintigraphic features.
Radiology. 1989 May;171(2):403-14.
PMID: 2539609

Carpenter, Thomas O.; New perspectives on the biology and treatment of X-Linked Hypophosphatemic rickets.; Pediatric Clinics of North America 44(2): 443-466 (1997)
PubMed ID: 9130929

McAlister WH, Kim GS, Whyte MP.
Tibial bowing exacerbated by partial premature epiphyseal closure in sex-linked hypophosphatemic rickets.
Radiology. 1987 Feb;162(2):461-3.
PMID: 3025921

Robert W. Winters, John B. Graham, T. Franklin Williams, Vernon W. McFalls and Charles H. Burnett. A genetic study of familial hypophosphatemia and Vitamin D resistant rickets with a review of the literature. 1958. Medicine:37:97-142.

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Growth Hormone

Baroncelli GI, Bertelloni S, Ceccarelli C, Saggese G. Effect of growth hormone treatment on final height, phosphate metabolism, and bone mineral density in children with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. J Pediatr. 2001 Feb;138(2):236-43.
PMID: 11174622

Wilson DM.
Growth hormone and hypophosphatemic rickets.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Sep;13 Suppl 2:993-8. PMID: 11086653

Cameron FJ, Sochett EB, Daneman A, Kooh SW.; A trial of growth hormone therapy in well-controlled hypophosphataemic rickets. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999 May;50(5):577-82.
PMID: 10468922

Seikaly MG, Brown R, Baum M. The effect of recombinant human growth hormone in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia.
Pediatrics. 1997 Nov;100(5):879-84. PMID: 9346990

Reusz GS, Miltenyi G, Stubnya G, Szabo A, Horvath C, Byrd DJ, Peter F, Tulassay T.; X-linked hypophosphatemia: effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone.
Pediatr Nephrol. 1997 Oct;11(5):573-7. PMID: 9323282

Patel L, Clayton PE, Brain C, Pelekouda E, Addison GM, Price DA, Mughal MZ.; Acute biochemical effects of growth hormone treatment compared with conventional treatment in familial hypophosphataemic rickets. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1996 Jun;44(6):687-96.
PMID: 8759181

Saggese G, Baroncelli GI, Bertelloni S, Perri G.; Long-term growth hormone treatment in children with renal hypophosphatemic rickets: effects on growth, mineral metabolism, and bone density. J Pediatr. 1995 Sep;127(3):395-402.
PMID: 7658269

Wilson DM, Lee PD, Morris AH, Reiter EO, Gertner JM, Marcus R, Quarmby VE, Rosenfeld RG.; Growth hormone therapy in hypophosphatemic rickets. Am J Dis Child. 1991 Oct;145(10):1165-70.
PMID: 1928011

An article on Growth Hormone and XLH is available in our members Web Space.

* * * *

 

Hearing Loss

Kitamura K, Takahashi K, Tamagawa Y, Noguchi Y, Kuroishikawa Y, Ishikawa K, Hagiwara H.; Deafness genes. J Med Dent Sci. 2000 Mar;47(1):1-11. PMID: 12162522

Meisler M.; Mutation watch: PEX PLUS? Gene(s) for X-linked hypophosphatemia and deafness.
Mamm Genome. 1997 Aug;8(8):543-4. PMID: 9250856

Boneh A, Reade TM, Scriver CR, Rishikof E; Audiometric evidence for two forms of X-linked hypophosphatemia in humans, apparent counterparts of Hyp and Gy mutations in mouse.
Am J Med Genet. 1987 Aug;27(4):997-1003. PMID: 3425609

Meister M, Johnson A, Popelka GR, Kim GS, Whyte MP.
Audiologic findings in young patients with hypophosphatemic bone disease.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1986 Jul-Aug;95(4 Pt 1):415-20.
PMID: 3740719

Davies M, Kane R, Valentine J.; Impaired hearing in X-linked hypophosphataemic (vitamin-D-resistant) osteomalacia. Ann Intern Med. 1984 Feb;100(2):230-2.; PMID: 6691666

Brookes GB.; Vitamin D deficiency--a new cause of cochlear deafness.
J Laryngol Otol. 1983 May;97(5):405-20. PMID: 6602194

Stamp TCB, Baker LRI. Recessive hypophosphataemic rickets, and possible aetiology of the "vitamin D-resistant" syndrome. Arch Dis Child 1976; 51:360-5.

* * * *

 

Molecular Biology

Carpenter TO.
Variable degrees of 1-alpha hydroxylase activity--fine tuning the rachitic rheostat.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jun;87(6):2421-3. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 12050192

Jonsson KB, Zahradnik R, Larsson T, White KE, Sugimoto T, Imanishi Y, Yamamoto T, Hampson G, Koshiyama H, Ljunggren O, Oba K, Yang IM, Miyauchi A, Econs MJ, Lavigne J, Juppner H.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 in oncogenic osteomalacia and X-linked hypophosphatemia.
N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 24;348(17):1656-63.
PMID: 12711740

Zoidis E, Gosteli-Peter M, Ghirlanda-Keller C, Meinel L, Zapf J, Schmid C.
IGF-I and GH stimulate Phex mRNA expression in lungs and bones and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) production in hypophysectomized rats. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002 Jan;146(1):97-105.
PMID: 11751074

Christie PT, Harding B, Nesbit MA, Whyte MP, Thakker RV.
X-linked hypophosphatemia attributable to pseudoexons of the PHEX gene.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Aug;86(8):3840-4.
PMID: 11502821

Rong Guo, Shiguang Liu, Robert F. Spurney and L. D. Quarles. Analysis of recombinant Phex: an endopeptidase in search of a substrate. 2001. Am. J. Physiol, Endocrinol. Metab. 281:E837-E847.

Yves Sabbagh, Guy Boileau, Luc DesGroseillers and Harriet S. Tenenhouse.Disease-causing missense mutations in the PHEX gene interfere with membrane targeting of the recombinant protein. 2001. 2001. Human Molecular Genetics 10:1539-1546.

Guy Boileau, Harriet S. Tenenhouse, Luc DesGroseillers and Philippe Crine.Characterization of PHEX endopeptidase catalytic activity: identification of parathyroid-hormone-related peptide 107-139 as a substrate and osteocalcin, PPi and phosphate as inhibitors. 2001. Biochem J. 355:707-713.

X. Li, W. Gu, G. Masinde, M. Hamilton-Ulland, C. H. Rundle, S. Mohan and D. J. Baylink.Genetic variation in bone-regenerative capacity among inbred strains of mice. 2001. Bone 29:134-140.

Marc K. Drezner.PHEX gene and hypophosphatemia. 2000. Kidney International. 57:9-18.

Miyamura T, Tanaka H, Inoue M, Ichinose Y, Seino Y.
The effects of bone marrow transplantation on X-linked hypophosphatemic mice.
J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Aug;15(8):1451-8.
PMID: 10934643

Michael J. Econs and Tim M. Strom.The molecular basis of hypophosphatemic rickets. 2000. pp39-55. In: Molecular and Cellular Pediatric Endocrinology, Ed. S. Handwerger. Human Press, Totowa, NJ.

Takako Miyamura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Masaru Inoue, Youjirou Ichinose and Yoshiki Seino.The effects of bone marrow transplantation on X-linked hypophosphatemic mice. 2000. J. Bone Mineral Res. 15:1451-1458.

Yves Sabbagh, Andrew O. Jones and Harriet S. Tenenhouse. PHEXdb, a locus-specific database for mutations causing X-linked hypophosphatemia. 2000. Human Mutation 16:1-6.

T.D. Blydt-Hansen, H. S. Tenenhouse and P. Goodyer. PHEX expression in parathyroid gland and parathyroid hormone dysregulation in X-linked hypophosphatemia. 1999. Ped. Nephrol. 13:607-611.

Denis Filisette, Georg Ostermann, Moritz von Bredow, Tim Strom, Guido Filler, Johen Ehrich, Solange Pannetier, Jean-Marie Garnier, Peter Rowe, Fiona Francis, Annick Julienne, André Hanauer, Michael J. Econs and Claudine Oudet. Non-random distribution of mutations in the PHEX gene, and under-detected missense mutations at non-conserved residues. 1999. Eur. J. Human Genetics 7:615-619.

Dixon PH, Christie PT, Wooding C, Trump D, Grieff M, Holm I, Gertner JM, Schmidtke J, Shah B, Shaw N, Smith C, Tau C, Schlessinger D, Whyte MP, Thakker RV.
Mutational analysis of PHEX gene in X-linked hypophosphatemia.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Oct;83(10):3615-23.
PMID: 9768674

Peter S. N. Rowe, Claudine L. Oudet, Fiona Francis, Christiane Sinding, Solange Pannetier, Mike J. Econs, Tim M. Strom, Thomas Meitinger, Michele Garabedian, Albert David, Marie-Alice Macher, Elisabeth Questiaux, Ewa Popowska, Ewa Pronicka, Andrew P. Read, Agnes Mokrzycki, Francis H. Glorieux, Marc K. Drezner, Andre Hanauer, Hans Lehrach, Johnathan N. Goulding and Jeffrey L. H. O'Riordan.Distribution of mutations in the PEX gene in families with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (HYP). 1997. Human Molecular Genetics 6:539-549.

Tim M. Strom, Fiona Francis, Bettina Lorenz, Annett Bödrich, Michael J. Econs, Hans Lehrach and Thomas Meitinger. PEX gene deletions in Gy and Hyp mice provide mouse models for X-linked hypophosphatemia. 1997. Human Molecular Genetics 6:165-171.

Daniel Lajeunesse, R. A. Meyers and L. Hamel.Direct demonstration of a humorally-mediated inhibition of renal phosphate transport in the Hyp mouse. 1996. Kidney International 50:1531-1538.

The HYP consortium. A gene (PEX) with homologies to endopeptidases is mutated in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. 1995. Nature Genetics 11:130-136.

B. Eyskens, W. Proesmans, B. Van Damme, L. Lateur, R. Bouillon and M. Hoogmartens.Tumour-induced rickets: a case report and review of the literature. 1995. Eur. J. Pediatrics 154:462-468.

Peter S. N. Rowe. Molecular biology of hypophosphatemic rickets and oncogenic osteomalacia. 1994. Human Genetics 94:457-467.

Howard Rasmussen and Harriet S. Tenenhouse. Mendelian hypophosphatemias. 1994. Chapter 124, pp 3717-3745. [ ]

Brault BA, Meyer MH, Meyer RA Jr, Iorio RJ.
Mineral uptake by the femora of older female X-linked hypophosphatemic (HYP) mice but not older male HYP mice.
Clin Orthop. 1987 Sep;(222):289-99.
PMID: 3040311

Eicher EM, Southard JL, Scriver CR, Glorieux FH.
Hypophosphatemia: mouse model for human familial hypophosphatemic (vitamin D-resistant) rickets.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Dec;73(12):4667-71.
PMID: 188049

We also have a summary on some of the latest published PHEX XLH research on our public web site.

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Side Effects of Medication

Makitie O, Kooh SW, Sochett E.
Prolonged high-dose phosphate treatment: a risk factor for tertiary hyperparathyroidism in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003 Feb;58(2):163-8. PMID: 12580931

Alon US, Monzavi R, Lilien M, Rasoulpour M, Geffner ME, Yadin O.
Hypertension in hypophosphatemic rickets-role of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Pediatr Nephrol. 2003 Feb;18(2):155-8. PMID: 12579406

"Effect of long-term treatment with acid phosphate on the development of nephrocalcinosis in familial hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH)",
Uri S. Alon and Wayne Moore, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO. Presented at the 2002 Pediatric Academic Societies' Annual Meeting, May 4-7, 2002, Baltimore, Maryland. Summary.

Seikaly MG, Baum M.
Thiazide diuretics arrest the progression of nephrocalcinosis in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia.
Pediatrics. 2001 Jul;108(1):E6. PMID: 11433085

Moltz KC, Friedman AH, Nehgme RA, Kleinman CS, Carpenter TO.
Ectopic cardiac calcification associated with hyperparathyroidism in a boy with hypophosphatemic rickets.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2001 Aug;13(4):373-5.
PMID: 11717565

Seikaly MG, Quigley R, Baum M.
Effect of dipyridamole on serum and urinary phosphate in X-linked hypophosphatemia.
Pediatr Nephrol. 2000 Nov;15(1-2):57-9. PMID: 11095012

Ono T, Seino Y.
Medical management and complications of X-linked hypophosphatemic vitamin D resistant rickets.
Acta Paediatr Jpn. 1997 Aug;39(4):503-7. PMID: 9316301

Seikaly M, Browne R, Baum M.
Nephrocalcinosis is associated with renal tubular acidosis in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia.
Pediatrics. 1996 Jan;97(1):91-3. PMID: 8545232

Berndt M, Ehrich JH, Lazovic D, Zimmermann J, Hillmann G, Kayser C, Prokop M, Schirg E, Siegert B, Wolff G, Brodehl J.
Clinical course of hypophosphatemic rickets in 23 adults.
Clin Nephrol. 1996 Jan;45(1):33-41. PMID: 8616955

Reusz GS.
Guide-lines to the treatment of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets.
Acta Biomed Ateneo Parmense. 1995;66(3-4):147-51. PMID: 8578931

Carpenter TO, Mitnick MA, Ellison A, Smith C, Insogna KL.
Nocturnal hyperparathyroidism: a frequent feature of X-linked hypophosphatemia.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Jun;78(6):1378-83.
PMID: 8200940

Alon U, Lovell HB, Donaldson DL.
Nephrocalcinosis, hyperparathyroidism, and renal failure in familial hypophosphatemic rickets.
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1992 Mar;31(3):180-3.PMID: 1547591

Rivkees SA, el-Hajj-Fuleihan G, Brown EM, Crawford JD.
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism during high phosphate therapy of familial hypophosphatemic rickets.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Dec;75(6):1514-8.
PMID: 1464657

 

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XLH and Dental Issues

Chaussain-Miller C, Sinding C, Wolikow M, Lasfargues JJ, Godeau G, Garabedian M.
Dental abnormalities in patients with familial hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets: prevention by early treatment with 1-hydroxyvitamin D.
J Pediatr. 2003 Mar;142(3):324-31.
PMID: 12640383

Shroff DV, McWhorter AG, Seale NS.
Evaluation of aggressive pulp therapy in a population of vitamin D-resistant rickets patients: a follow-up of 4 cases.
Pediatr Dent. 2002 Jul-Aug;24(4):347-9. PMID: 12212880

Familial hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets: dental findings and histologic study of teeth.
Murayama T, Iwatsubo R, Akiyama S, Amano A, Morisaki I.; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000 Sep;90(3):310-6.
PMID: 10982952

Pex mRNA is localized in developing mouse osteoblasts and odontoblasts.
Ruchon AF, Marcinkiewicz M, Siegfried G, Tenenhouse HS, DesGroseillers L, Crine P, Boileau G.;J Histochem Cytochem. 1998 Apr;46(4):459-68. PMID: 9524191

Resnick D.
Implant placement and guided tissue regeneration in a patient with congenital vitamin D-resistant rickets.
J Oral Implantol. 1998;24(4):214-8. PMID: 10321209

Orthodontic treatment of a patient with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets.
Kawakami M, Takano-Yamamoto T.; ASDC J Dent Child. 1997 Nov-Dec;64(6):395-9.
PMID: 9466008

Protein cDNA cloning of the murine Pex gene implicated in X-linked hypophosphatemia and evidence for expression in bone.
Du L, Desbarats M, Viel J, Glorieux FH, Cawthorn C, Ecarot B.; Genomics. 1996 Aug 15;36(1):22-8.
PMID: 8812412

Mineral content of different areas of human dentin in hypophosphataemic vitamin D-resistant rickets
Hietala EL Larmas MA; J Biol Buccale (1991 Jun) 19(2):129-34
PMID: 92041779

The effect of medical therapy on dentin formation in vitamin D-resistant rickets
Seow WK; Pediatr Dent (1991 Mar-Apr.) 13(2):97-102
PMID: 91351905

Oral manifestations of familial hypophosphatemic rickets after phosphate supplement therapy: a review of the literature and report of case
Larmas M, Hietala EL, Simila S, Pajari U; ASDC J Dent Child 1991 Jul-g;58(4):328-34
PMID: 92042986

Prevalence of dental abscess in a population of children with vitamin D-resistant rickets.
McWhorter AG, Seale NS.; Pediatr Dent. 1991 Mar-Apr;13(2):91-6.
PMID: 1652746

Familial hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets: review of the literature and report of case.
Fadavi S, Rowold E.; ASDC J Dent Child. 1990 May-Jun;57(3):212-5. Review.
PMID: 2161025

X-linked Hypophosphatemia: The Mutant Gene Is Expressed in Teeth as Well as in Kidney
Shields ED, Scriver CR, Reade T, Fuijiwara TM, Morgan K, Ciampi A, Schwartz S:; Am J Hum Genet 46:434-442, 1990.
PMID: 90178076

Structural deformities of deciduous teeth in patients with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets.
Abe K, Ooshima T, Lily TS, Yasufuku Y, Sobue S. Related Articles ; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1988 Feb;65(2):191-8.
PMID: 2830573

Oral findings in patients with autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic bone disease and X-linked hypophosphatemia: Further evidence that they are different diseases;
Schwartz S, Scriver CR, Reade TM, Shields ED; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 66:310-4, 1988
PMID: 2845325

Prophylactic dental treatment for a patient with vitamin D-resistant rickets: report of case.
Breen GH.; ASDC J Dent Child. 1986 Jan-Feb;53(1):38-43.
PMID: 3003172

Management of the primary dentition in vitamin D-resistant rickets
Rakocz M, Keating III J, Johnson R ;Oral Surgery 66(3):166-171, 1982
PMID: 83013944

An article on dental issues related to XLH is available in our members Web Space.

* * * *

Ilizarov

Deformity correction of knee and leg lengthening by Ilizarov method in hypophosphatemic rickets: outcomes and significance of serum phosphate level.
J Pediatr Orthop. 2002 Sep-Oct;22(5):626-31.
PMID: 12198465

Stanitski DF.
Treatment of deformity secondary to metabolic bone disease with the Ilizarov technique.
Clin Orthop. 1994 Apr;(301):38-41.
PMID: 8156693

Tsuchiya H, Uehara K, Abdel-Wanis ME, Sakurakichi K, Kabata T, Tomita K.
Deformity correction followed by lengthening with the Ilizarov method.
Clin Orthop. 2002 Sep;(402):176-83.
PMID: 12218482

 

* * * *

 

Surgery

Dudkiewicz I, Schindler A, Ganel A.
Elongation of long bones for short stature in patients with hypophosphatemic rickets.
Isr Med Assoc J. 2003 Jan;5(1):66-7.
PMID: 12592966

Choi IH, Kim JK, Chung CY, Cho TJ, Lee SH, Suh SW, Whang KS, Park HW, Song KS.
Deformity correction of knee and leg lengthening by Ilizarov method in hypophosphatemic rickets: outcomes and significance of serum phosphate level.
J Pediatr Orthop. 2002 Sep-Oct;22(5):626-31.
PMID: 12198465

Baroncelli GI, Bertelloni S, Saggese G.
Good metabolic control prevents post-surgical imbalance of mineral metabolism in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Feb;14(2):223-4. PMID: 11305803

Prinster C, Weber G, Beccio S, Meneghel M, Mora S, Chiumello G.
Post-surgical metabolic imbalance in adolescents with renal hypophosphatemic rickets.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jun;13(6):657-8. PMID: 10905391

Rohmiller MT, Tylkowski C, Kriss VM, Mier RJ.
The effect of osteotomy on bowing and height in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia.
J Pediatr Orthop. 1999 Jan-Feb;19(1):114-8.
PMID: 9890299

Matsushita T, Nakamura K, Okazaki H, Kurokawa T.
A simple technique for correction of complicated tibial deformity including rotational deformity.
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1998;117(4-5):259-61.
PMID: 9581256

Kanel JS, Price CT.
Unilateral external fixation for corrective osteotomies in patients with hypophosphatemic rickets.
J Pediatr Orthop. 1995 Mar-Apr;15(2):232-5. PMID: 7745100

Eyres KS, Brown J, Douglas DL.
Osteotomy and intramedullary nailing for the correction of progressive deformity in vitamin D-resistant hypophosphataemic rickets.
J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1993 Feb;38(1):50-4. PMID: 8382289

Stone MM.
Vitamin D-resistant rickets: osteosynthesis with a table staple.
Am J Orthop. 1967 Jul;9(7):138-40.
PMID: 6041792

* * * *

 

Spinal Cord Complications

Soehle M, Casey AT.
Cervical spinal cord compression attributable to a calcified intervertebral disc in a patient with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: case report and review of the literature.
Neurosurgery. 2002 Jul;51(1):239-42; discussion 242-3. PMID: 12182425

Dunlop DJ, Stirling AJ.
Thoracic spinal cord compression caused by hypophosphataemic rickets: a case report and review of the world literature.
Eur Spine J. 1996;5(4):272-4. Review.
PMID: 8886741

Ballantyne ES, Findlay GF.
Thoracic spinal stenosis in two brothers due to vitamin D-resistant rickets.
Eur Spine J. 1996;5(2):125-7.
PMID: 8724193

Yamamoto Y, Onofrio BM.
Spinal canal stenosis with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets: case report.
Neurosurgery. 1994 Sep;35(3):512-4; discussion 514-5.
PMID: 7800144

Matsui H, Katoh Y, Tsuji H.
Untreated hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets with symptomatic ossification of the ligamentum flavum.
J Spinal Disord. 1991 Mar;4(1):110-3. Review.
PMID: 1666964

Bradbury PG, Brenton DP, Stern GM.
Neurological involvement in X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987 Jun;50(6):810-2.
PMID: 3039061

Cartwright DW, Masel JP, Latham SC.
The lumbar spinal canal in hypophosphataemic vitamin D-resistant rickets.
Aust N Z J Med. 1981 Apr;11(2):154-7.
PMID: 6268034

Cartwright DW, Latham SC, Masel JP, Yelland JD.
Spinal canal stenosis in adult with hypophosphataemic vitamin D-resistant rickets.
Aust N Z J Med. 1979 Dec;9(6):705-8.
PMID: 231427

 

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Alternative Treatments

Gardezi SA, Nguyen C, Malloy PJ, Posner GH, Feldman D, Peleg S.
A rationale for treatment of hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets with analogs of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3).
J Biol Chem. 2001 Aug 3;276(31):29148-56. Epub 2001 May 21.
PMID: 11369766

Thomas O. Carpenter, Marc Keller, Dana Schwartz, Maryann Mitnick, Cynthia Smith, Alice Ellison, Dennis Carey, Florence Comite, Ronald Horst, Rose Travers, Francis H. Glorieux, Caren M. Gundberg, A. Robin Poole and Karl L. Insogna. 24,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D supplementation corrects hyperparathyroidism and improves skeletal abnormalities in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets -- a clinical research center study. 1996. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81:2381-2388.

* * * *

 

Eye Problems

Caldemeyer KS, Smith RR, Edwards-Brown MK.
Familial hypophosphatemic rickets causing ocular calcification and optic canal narrowing.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1995 Jun-Jul;16(6):1252-4.
PMID: 7677018

 

* * * *

 

Chiari

Kuether TA, Piatt JH.
Chiari malformation associated with vitamin D-resistant rickets: case report.
Neurosurgery. 1998 May;42(5):1168-71.
PMID: 9588565

Caldemeyer KS, Boaz JC, Wappner RS, Moran CC, Smith RR, Quets JP.
Chiari I malformation: association with hypophosphatemic rickets and MR imaging appearance.
Radiology. 1995 Jun;195(3):733-8.
PMID: 7754003


Last modified Aug 8, 2007

XLH is also known as X-Linked Hypophosphatemia (sometimes also spelled as hypophosphataemia), X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets, Familial Hypophosphatemia, Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets (VDRR) Rickets and even Genetic Rickets. Its notable characteristics are bowed legs, short stature, poor teeth formation causing spotaneous dental abscesses, and low blood phosphorus levels.

© 2002-2007, The XLH Network Inc.
The authors of this web site are not medical professionals, and this information does not substitute for medical care. Information on these pages is based on biomedical research, published in peer-reviewed journals, and international research conferences. Additionally, in some cases anecdotal information is provided by subscribers of the F-HYPDRR group, a mailing list for The XLH Network Inc. A complete web-site bibliography is available. Please read our full disclaimer.